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Piston compressors
A reciprocating compressor consists of:
- cylinder body
- head with internal valves
- crank system: connecting rod and crankshaft
- piston
The piston moves vertically up and down the cylinder. During this movement, a vacuum is created in the center of the cylinder, thereby opening the inlet valve, which is the path of outside air to the center of the compressor. As the piston is raised, the pressure increases and the valve closes. The air collected inside is compressed. When the pressure value exceeds the maximum level, another valve opens, allowing the compressed air to escape outside the cylinder. After emptying it, the valve closes, the piston goes down and a new cycle begins.
The main advantage of reciprocating compressors is the ability to produce high pressure. The relatively low price and cheap and simple repair are also a big advantage.
Types of piston compressors:
Due to the air compression process, compressors are divided into:
- single-stage - the pressure increases due to the sliding movement of the piston in the cylinder
- multi-stage - large devices having a horizontal high pressure cylinder and a vertical low pressure cylinder
Due to the construction, the following devices are distinguished:
- single cylinder
- multi-cylinder